In my more than 25 years of professional life, I have often felt that the humanitarian and development sector could benefit from greater corporate efficiency and culture. Procurement systems, logistical reach, technical skills and even marketing approaches used by the private sector can add significant value to the effectiveness of our work.
In the sector we frequently speak about private sector partnerships in polished language — shared value, leverage, innovation, scale. The reality, in my experience, is both more promising and more complicated than the usual narratives suggest.
Over two decades of work in emergency response across South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, I have engaged with companies such as Unilever, Mentor (Unilever’s marketing agency in Africa), Procter & Gamble, and Hindustan Construction Company, among others. These collaborations ranged from the supply of non-food items in crisis settings to more strategic efforts aimed at longer-term outcomes. What stayed with me was not the size of the contribution, but the conditions under which these partnerships either added real value or remained largely symbolic.
What the partnerships looked like in practice
In several responses — including in Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh and Kenya — collaboration with Unilever focused on the provision of essential hygiene and non-food items. In high-pressure settings, reliable supply chains and quality products matter. When private sector partners could move quickly and maintain standards, they filled gaps that traditional humanitarian pipelines sometimes struggled to close. The logistics support these companies offered — in packaging, transportation and distribution — was often far beyond what most humanitarian or development agencies could perform on their own.
In Bangladesh, engagement with P&G and Hindustan Construction Company took place in a complex operating environment marked by large-scale displacement and the need for both immediate relief and more durable solutions. Hindustan Construction Company’s high-end civil engineering team proved particularly valuable during the monsoon season. We requested their support for building toilets and community infrastructure. The quality, efficiency and speed of their work exceeded what most humanitarian or development agencies could deliver under the same conditions.
In Africa, when we sought to promote the use of chlorine and strengthen basic hygiene messaging across programme areas, the support provided by Mentor (the advertising agency) was noticeably effective. We began to see behavioural changes in communities where we had struggled to achieve results for years.
These experiences reinforced a recurring theme: private sector actors often bring logistical strength, technical capacity and a results orientation that can complement the community reach and contextual knowledge of humanitarian organisations.
Yet the most useful partnerships were rarely those framed purely as corporate social responsibility exercises. They worked better when both sides were clear about mutual interests, accountable for delivery, and willing to adapt to the realities of crisis and recovery settings.
Lessons that stand out
- Clarity of purpose matters more than the size of the cheque: Partnerships that began with a vague desire to “do good” or gain visibility often under-delivered. Those that defined a specific problem — last-mile hygiene kit distribution, construction quality, supply reliability or behaviour change — and aligned incentives around solving it produced better outcomes.
- Private sector efficiency and humanitarian principles can coexist, but only with deliberate effort: Speed, cost-consciousness and scale are genuine strengths that companies can offer. At the same time, humanitarian work requires attention to dignity, inclusion, do-no-harm and community ownership. The tension between these logics is real. Partnerships succeed when both sides respect each other’s constraints rather than assuming one model can simply be transferred.
- Local context and community acceptance cannot be outsourced: Even the best products or construction capacity falter when communities are not engaged. I have seen infrastructure and supplies under-used or diverted when the partnership focused on delivery metrics rather than ownership and appropriateness. Technical quality and community relevance must travel together.
- Longer-term value requires moving beyond transactional relationships: One-off contributions of goods or funds have their place in acute emergencies. More interesting possibilities emerge when companies engage on systems issues — supply chain resilience, local manufacturing, skills transfer, or supporting government and local institutions to maintain services after the external response scales down.
- Trust is built through delivery, not declarations: In high-stakes environments, credibility is earned by showing up consistently, meeting commitments, and being transparent when things go wrong. This applies equally to international NGOs, UN agencies and private sector partners.
A more useful frame
Much of the conversation about private sector engagement still revolves around funding gaps and corporate social responsibility. A more useful frame, in my view, is complementarity under pressure.
Humanitarian and development organisations often have deep community relationships, contextual understanding and a mandate to prioritise the most vulnerable. Private sector actors frequently have strengths in logistics, quality control, innovation and the ability to operate at scale. The most effective collaborations I witnessed treated these as complementary capabilities rather than hierarchical ones — where one side funds and the other implements, or where one side merely “adds value” to the other’s existing model.
When partnerships are designed around shared problem-solving rather than branding or compliance, they stand a better chance of contributing to both immediate response and longer-term resilience.
This does not mean every company is a natural partner, or that every collaboration will succeed. It does mean that dismissing the private sector as merely a source of resources, or romanticising it as a source of automatic innovation, both miss the point. The real work lies in the middle: clear-eyed assessment of what each party can reliably deliver, honest conversation about risks and incentives, and a shared commitment to outcomes that matter to the people we aim to serve.
