Gambling on Development: A Humanitarian's Perspective with Reservations

Stefan Dercon's "Gambling on Development" offers a thought-provoking exploration of development, particularly the concept of "development bargains" struck by elites. As a humanitarian aid worker, I found the book valuable in highlighting the importance of long-term growth strategies and effective state function. However, my experience working in some of the world's most challenging environments compels me to offer some additional perspectives.

The Power of a Bargain, The Plight of the Bystanders

Dercon's examples of successful development, like Ethiopia's infrastructure improvements, resonate with my own observations. When a "development bargain" leads to stability and investment, it creates a ripple effect. Farmers have better access to markets, healthcare reaches more communities, and overall well-being improves. This is where well-directed aid can truly amplify these positive changes.

However, the book's focus on national politics often overlooks the human cost of these bargains. The "people on the ground" – the very ones development aims to uplift – are largely absent. I've seen countless communities bypassed by these top-down agreements, their needs and voices unheard. Dercon could have explored how these bargains can be made more inclusive, ensuring benefits reach the most marginalized.

The Limitations of Aid in a Fragile Landscape

The suggestion that aid can simply "work with the grain" of existing bargains seems idealistic in many contexts. In war-torn regions or under kleptocratic regimes, there's often no bargain – just a power struggle with devastating consequences. Dercon acknowledges these "hyena states" but offers limited solutions beyond basic humanitarian support. For how many years can a country keep asking for humanitarian aid continuously for the same or similar crisis? As a humanitarian aid worker, I kept seeking answers to this question. The book would benefit from exploring alternative approaches for delivering aid in these situations.

For example, could empowering local NGOs or faith-based groups, who already have established trust with communities, provide a more effective channel for delivering aid and promoting sustainable development? Thinking a step further, how can we invest in local capacity building and hold them accountable in future to deal with the same or similar situation? 

Beyond the Bargain: The Power of People

"Gambling on Development" provides valuable insights into the role of elites and national policy. But for those of us striving to alleviate suffering and build a better future, Dercon's book is a reminder that true development is a bottom-up process as well. It's about empowering individuals and communities, giving them a voice in shaping their own destinies. Sustainable development requires not just elite pacts but also fostering local ownership and participation.

In conclusion, while Dercon's book offers a valuable framework for understanding development challenges, a more nuanced perspective that acknowledges the human cost and explores alternative approaches in fragile states would be even more helpful for those working on the frontlines of poverty and injustice.